The Universal Active Filter Circuit Diagram as shown gives the bandpass operation the transfer
function calculated from FBP(s) = where = 1 + s/Qo>0 + s2/w02. The
cut-off frequency, 0, and the Q-factor are given by 0 = g/C and Q = gR/2
where g is the trans conductance at room temperature. Interchanging the
capacitor C with the resistor R at the input of the circuit high-pass
operation is obtained. A low-pass filter is obtained by applying two
parallel connections ctf R and C as shown in Fig. 2. The low-pass
operation may be much improved with the circuit as given in Fig. 3. Here the gain and Q may be set up separately with respect to the
cut-off frequency according to the equations Q = 1/fB = 1 + R2/R!, A =
Q2 and 0 = g ffi/C.
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