Build a 5V Supply Circuit Diagram

This 5V Supply Circuit Diagram protects microprocessor systems from `brownouts` without the expense of an uninterpretable power supply. Designed around a small 9-V nickel cadmium battery the circuit continues to provide a constant 5-V output during brownouts of up to a few seconds. Load currents of up to 500 mA may be drawn using the components shown. 

With this mains-derived supply present, D5 is forward biased so that the stabilized supply powers the 5-V regulator and hence the circuitry to be protected. FET Tj is held on by Dl, its drain current being provided from the dc supply via Rb and D2. Diode D3 is reverse-biased so that T2 is off, and the battery is isolated from D6. RCH and D4 serve to trickle charge the battery with approximately 1.2 mA. 

 5V Supply Circuit Diagram

When the 12-V supply is removed, Rl and Cl initially keep Tl switched on. D3 is now forward biased, so that Tl drain current is drawn via Rb, D3 and T2 from the battery. This switches T2 on, allowing the load circuitry to draw current from the battery via D6 and the 5-V regulator. After a few seconds Cl has discharged (via Rl) such that Vgs falls below the threshold value for the FET, and Tl switches off. There is then no path for T2 base current, so that it also switches off, isolating the battery.